Technical Information

1 Short Application Note on Sheet Resistance, Ohms-Per-Square, and the Calculation of Resistivity or Thicknes

2 Basic information regarding how to make four point probe measurements using Jandel resistivity test equipment.

3 Four Point Probe Theory - A helpful article

4 Four Point Probe Equations - A helpful article from the      University of Illinois - Urbana/Champaign

5 Understanding volume resistivity measurements and converting between ohms-per-square (sheet resistance) and ohms-cm (volume resistivity)

6 Sample Size Requirements and Correction Factors Some questions and answers from Jandel Engineering Ltd.

7 Haldor Topsoe Technical Documents Regarding Correction Factors Correction Factor for various material shapes and sizes

8 1964 National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 199, "Correction Factor Tables for Four-Point Probe Resistivity Measurements on Thin, Circular Semiconductor Samples"

9 Finite-Size Corrections for 4-Point Probe Measurements, by J. R. Senna, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Brasil

10 Questions and answers re: resistivity & resistance, sheet resistance, volume resistivity, surface resistivity by John Clark of Jandel Engineering

11 Q & A regarding the use of Jandel Resistivity Measurement equipment by Pete Clark of Jandel Engineering

12 Four-Point Probe Theory of Operation from the University of California, Berkeley, EECS web site (PDF file)

13 A table of suggested probe tip specifications for various silicon wafer types.

14 A table of common four point probe tip radii and spacings

15 Osmium alloy tips versus tungsten carbide tips

16 Square array versus linear array four point probe

17 Reversing current to check the validity of a 4 point probe measurement

18 What is the expected life of a Jandel Four Point Probe Head?

19 Jandel FAQ

Hall Effect Measurement Technical info:

20 Wikipedia article regarding the Hall Effect

21 Wikipedia article regarding the Van der Pauw method

22 NIST web page regarding the theory and implementation of the Hall Effect Measurement technique

 

Terms and Conditions of Sale

Terms and Conditions of Sale for Jandel Engineering Limited

 

The following terms and conditions (“the Conditions”) are the terms on which Jandel Engineering Limited (“the Company”) sells to other businesses and supersede all other terms and conditions used by the Company

1. Orders, price and payment

 

    1.1 No contract shall come into existence until the Company confirms the order for Goods in writing
    1.2 The price (exclusive of VAT) for the goods (“the Price”) shall be the quoted price of the Company, and payment of the Price shall be made by the Buyer within the payment terms expressed in the quotation and by the “the Due Date” of the invoice for the Goods.
    1.3 If the Price is not paid by the Due Date the Buyer will be liable to an additional payment of reasonable liquidated damages. Interest shall accrue both before and after any court judgement on the unpaid portion of the Price at the rate of eight per cent above the base rate from time to time of Barclays Bank
    1.4 Any cancellation of any order by the Buyer must be in writing, and agreed as cancelled also in writing by the Company. In case of any cancellation, the Buyer may be released from its obligations under the contract after payment of a sum for reasonable liquidated damages

     

2. Goods

 

    The description and quantity of the Goods to be sold (“the Goods”) shall be as set out in the quotation provided by the Company to the Buyer (“the Quotation”)

     

3. Delivery

 

    The company shall deliver the goods to the Buyer’s address and on the date as both are shown on the Quotation. Time shall not be of the essence for delivery. The Buyer shall make all necessary arrangements to take delivery of the Goods on the day notified by the Company for delivery

     

4. Acceptance

 

    The Company must be advised in writing by recorded delivery of any defects in the Goods as soon as they are discovered by the Buyer who shall be deemed to have accepted the Goods if they have not been rejected on or before the seventh day after delivery. The Buyer shall not be entitled to reject the Goods in whole or in part thereafter

     

5. Title and Risk

 

    The Goods shall be at the risk of the Buyer following delivery and, notwithstanding delivery, title in the Goods shall not pass to the Buyer until the Buyer has made payment of all sums owing to the Company failing which the Company shall have the right to repossess or otherwise recover the Goods. Until title passes the Buyer shall hold the Goods as bailee for the Company and shall store or mark them so that they can at all times be identified as the Goods of the Company

     

6. Limitation of liability

 

    6.1 Save in respect of personal injury or death due to any negligence, the Company shall not be liable to the Buyer in respect of any loss suffered by the Buyer due to any defect in the Goods
    6.2 Without prejudice to Condition 6.1 the Company shall not be liable to the Buyer or any third party for any loss of profit, consequential or other economic loss suffered by the Buyer arising in any way from this agreement

     

7. Force majeure

 

    The Company shall not be liable for any default due to any circumstance beyond the reasonable control of the Company including, but not limited to, Acts of God, war, civil unrest, riot, strike, lock-out, acts of civil or military authorities, fire, flood, earthquake or shortage of supply

     

8. General

 

    8.1 If any term or provision of these Conditions is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason by any Court of competent jurisdiction, such provision shall be severed and the remainder of the provisions hereof shall continue in full force and effect as if these Conditions had been agreed with the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision eliminated
    8.2 The Company may without the consent of the Buyer sub-licence its rights or obligations or any part of these conditions
    8.3 The headings for these Conditions are for ease of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of any of the conditions

     

9. Contract

 

    Not withstanding any other provision of this agreement, nothing herein shall confer or is intended to confer a benefit on any third party for the purpose of the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 or for any other purpose

     

10. Entire agreement

 

    Each of the parties agrees that save in respect of statements made fraudulently it shall have no remedy in respect of any untrue statement upon which it relied in entering this Agreement and that its only remedies shall be for breach of contract

     

11. Governing law and jurisdiction

 

    The laws of England and Wales shall govern this agreement and the parties hereby submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales

 

BRIDGE Technology is an authorized representative of JANDEL Engineering Ltd.

 


Four-Point-Probes is a division of Bridge Technology. To request further information please call Bridge Technology at (480) 988-2256 or send e-mail to Larry Bridge at: sales@bridgetec.com